Nowadays, the determinant role of science and technology in the growth and development of countries and the very close relation between economic development and the capacity of a country to create and use knowledge has become a public opinion. According to the key role of knowledge-based companies in the arena of technological development in the world, there is also a specific approach to these companies in the knowledge-based economy. The Purpose of this article is designing and presenting the model of knowledge-based products commercialization in ICT industry. Therefore, case study is the research methodology of this article. First, by using non-random easy sampling method, 5 knowledge-based manufacturing companies in ICT industry in Qom and Tehran provinces were selected as samples. The needed data was collected after conducting a deep interview with 14 managers who were aware of the commercialization process of products. Then, by using thematic analysis, the data were analyzed and the results were extracted. Finally, the model of knowledge-based products commercialization in ICT industry was presented. The main steps of the model are marketing research (needs analysis), Idea screening, analyzing and financing, designing and implementing of marketing and advertising strategies, comprehensive production feasibility, production, testing, improvement and upgrading, designing and implementing pricing, sales and distribution strategies, supporting and after sales services. Unlike almost theoretical models, especially foreign models, the presented model in this study is adapted with the environmental and local conditions in Iran and can be used by Iranian companies.

Purpose: The present research aimed to develop an interpretive structural model of the barriers to knowledge commercialization (KC) in Payame Noor University (PNU) of Iran. Method: The present research is an applied research of mixed method types in terms of objectives and it is conducted based on confirmatory factor analysis. Fuzzy Delphi method was used for validation and variable screening, and barriers to KC were prioritized using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Moreover, fuzzy DEMATEL technique and interpretive structural modeling were used for the identification and development of a model for the relationship between variables. The research community was experts of KC at PNU and given the research approach, 30 people were selected among them based on purposive sampling. Findings: Given the amount of effectiveness and affectability of the variables in the interpretive structural model, the variables such as weak legal framework for supporting idea people at the university, inefficiency and ineffectiveness of the rules and regulations for commercialization, lack of regulation for the apportionment of financial gain from commercialization among scholars, lack of skilled and expert human resources, lack of financial resources and facilities for commercialization of research results, and the weakness in the mutual recognition between university and industry, are the most affectable; they are in fact the dependent variables of the model. On the other hand, the variables such as inadequate knowledge of the faculty members, poor fund management in the university, weakness of universities in wealth creation, absence of university entrepreneurial missions, the absence of up-to-date and effective idea banks and databases in the university, and the lack of effective communication between students and industry sector’ s activists, are the most effective. Discussion and Conclusion: The attention and reinforcement given to the independent variables in KC can improve the status of the dependent variables and eventually it results in successful KC.

Background and Purpose: knowledge-based companies have been established to commercialize ideas, research results and turn innovations into technology. This study aimed to determine the effect of organizational trust on knowledge commercialization in knowledge-based companies. Method: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection method and correlational in terms of data analysis method. The statistical population included the employees of 10 knowledge-based companies active in the field of artificial intelligence and cloud computing. Based on the available sampling, 91 employees of the companies were selected as a sample. Data collection tools were the standard questionnaire of organizational trust of Elonen et al. (2008) and the standard questionnaire of commercialization of knowledge Sharifi et al. (2015) whose content validity was confirmed by experts and their reliability in a pilot study with 20 subjects and Cronbach's alpha value. (0. 87 for organizational trust questionnaire and 0. 85 for knowledge commercialization questionnaire) was approved. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, correlation coefficient and regression were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that a significant effect of organizational trust components including vertical trust, horizontal trust and institutional trust on knowledge commercialization in knowledge-based companies. Conclusion: Accordingly, achieving knowledge commercialization in the field of artificial intelligence and cloud computing depends to a large extent on organizational trust. The special nature of the mission and goals of knowledge-based companies requires that special attention be paid to organizational trust.

Background: Ethics is one of the most important principles in knowledge commercialization، thus considering this factor is necessary for the higher education system. Accordingly، this study aims at analyzing ethical factors in knowledge commercialization. Method: The research was conducted based on content analysis and inductive approach. Based on knowledge commercialization the number of 60 English and Persian articles with the same subject were selected from 2006 up to now published in research and science standard journals. In order to identify the factors، Nvivo software was used. In face validity and reliability parts، the Holesti method was used for the reliability of extracted theme and the descriptive and interpretive face validity was used for the validity part. Results: Researcher identified 54 effective factors by revising the literature review and asking authorities` idea. These factors categorized into 3 main dimensions. Then، in the next step the relationship between dimensions and ethical indices of knowledge commercialization was determined and analyzed consistently. Ethical factors of knowledge commercialization are 3 widespread themes in higher education include substructures with 2 organizer theme of justice and responsibility and the education widespread theme، with 2 organizer themes of learning-teaching process، and culturalizing and the support widespread theme include 2 organizer themes of commercial and social support. Conclusion: The widespread and organizer themes of ethical factors of knowledge commercialization in higher education can be an appropriate model for policymaking، recording a plan of changing the knowledge to the wealth and using its application in research centers and universities.

Background & Aims: Innovation, which is the result of the joint work of university and industry, is an initiative that improves the efficiency of innovation. This type of cooperation, i. e. collaborative innovation between university and industry, is called collaborative innovation. Collaborative innovation brings dynamism and vitality to companies and causes economic growth and expansion. (1). In fact, one of the important factors in innovation, and one of the important factors in economic growth and development, is the transfer of knowledge that takes place between universities and industry because this cooperation makes commercialization in companies easier (2). On the other hand, one of the things that has always been very important in knowledgebased companies is the commercialization process. This process has three separate phases, the ideation phase, the technology/product development phase, and the commercialization phase. First, an idea that has a demand in the market is created and cultivated. In the development stage, this idea becomes a product or technology, and commercialization is technological knowledge that has entered the market (9). In our beloved country of Iran, knowledge-based companies active in the field of medical products have succeeded in reaching self-sufficiency in the field of medical products to almost 40% in the past few years, but they have been very unsuccessful in the discussion of commercializing medical products for export to other countries. . Now, according to the capacity of our country, we can earn up to two billion dollars a year from the commercialization of these types of goods, which has a positive impact on the national economy. Therefore, the researcher seeks to solve these problems by presenting a model for commercialization. Therefore, the main research question is, what is the commercialization model of medical products for knowledge-based companies? Methods: The current research is of an exploratory and expansion type, which was conducted using a qualitative method. The statistical population of this research is experts with practical experience in the field of commercialization of products of knowledgebased companies in the science and technology park of Mazandaran province, and professors of the University of Medical Sciences and management professors of management faculties of universities of Mazandaran province, who are aware of the subject of the research. 12 people were selected as samples from among them by snowball method until full saturation. Then a semi-structured interview was conducted to collect data from them. Interviews were held one by one with each expert. After conducting the interviews (audio recording), the texts of the interviews recorded from the experts, on the same day of the interview, were transcribed word by word on paper and typed as research data., was used. The research data are analyzed on two levels, the textual level and the conceptual level. The textual level includes the coding of the data, the conceptual level emphasizes the construction of the research model including establishing a relationship between the codes based on the Strauss and Corbin model. Also, in order to ensure the validity of the model, the strategy of analysis and review by knowledgeable people (multi-view) has been used. Results: To design the model using the foundation data method in the first step,Initial coding was done using the text of the interviews. In this step, one hundred and nine primary codes were extracted. In the second step,Axial coding was done. In this step, thirty-two axial codings were obtained from a total of one hundred and nine initial codes. In the third step,Selective coding Selective coding was done based on the results of open coding and axial coding in this step, which is the main step of theorizing. Thirteen codes were obtained. Also, the validity of the research model was done by using the analysis and review method by knowledgeable people, in this method, to check the validity of the research model, all the data and primary extracted codes were sent to other experts who are familiar with the issue of commercialization of medical products in knowledge-based companies. They were informed and experts were given and they were asked to modify and approve the designed codes, and all the codes were approved, thus the validity of this research was proved. Also, the reliability of the research was checked with Kreppendorf's alpha method, and the agreement of five experts on the codes was equal to 89%. Considering that this amount is more than 60%, the reliability of the codings of this research is confirmed. Conclusion: In this research, the causal conditions for the commercialization of medical products, four factors of human capital, technology, digital transformability of the company and environmental factors have been stated. (Shirvani, Tulai and Delavi, 2019 limited the causal conditions to digital technology. Considering these factors by the companies residing in the science and technology park, they can take into account all the effective factors in creating a successful business for their products and Don't just focus on technology. The strategies of this research have been identified in three dimensions,Financial strategies, market orientation and attracting cooperation of the University of Medical Sciences. Every business unit needs capital in order to set up and start its activity, and in order to develop and continue its activity, it needs new investment, which must be provided through financial resources (24). Access to financial resources is one of the important factors in the success of companies and one of the important concerns of companies at different stages of their life (25). Market orientation can be defined as a stage of organizational growth or as a level that reflects organizational maturity (26). Kotler has looked at market orientation as the final stage of the development of a business organization and believes that the market orientation is created along the development of different business orientations. Market orientation is based on marketing thinking and marketing thinking forms its philosophical foundation. (26). However, marketing thinking as a foundation and philosophical foundation is not enough. Because market orientation focuses not only on customers, but also on competitors, different organizational issues and many external factors that affect the needs and preferences of customers.

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the application of the university research findings or commercialization of the biopharmaceutical knowledge in Iran and determine the challenges and propose some solutions.Results: A qualitative study including 19 in-depth interviews with experts was performed in 2011 and early 2012. National Innovation System (NIS) model was employed as the study design. Thematic method was applied for the analysis. The results demonstrate that policy making, regulations and management development are considered as fundamental reasons for current commercialization practice pattern. It is suggested to establish foundation for higher level documents that would involve relating bodies and provide them operational guidelines for the implementation of commercialization incentives.Conclusions: Policy, regulations and management as the most influential issue should be considered for successful commercialization. The present study, for the first time, attempts to disclose the importance of evidence input for measures in order to facilitate the commercialization process by the authorities in Iran. Overall, the NIS model should be considered and utilized as one of the effective solutions for commercialization.

Purpose: The general aim of this study was to present a knowledge commercialization model based on teaching-learning in Mazandaran Islamic Azad universities. Methodology: The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type in terms of method. The statistical population of this study included all faculty members of Mazandaran Islamic Azad Universities, which comprised 1537 individual. Using stratified random sampling, 308 individuals were selected as sample. To collect the data, a researcher-made knowledge commercialization questionnaire with 84 items and a researchermade learning-learning questionnaire with 30 items were used. The face and content validity of the tools were confirmed by the experts and their reliability was calculated using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the knowledge commercialization questionnaire (0. 89) and the teaching / learning questionnaire (0. 85). Structural equations were used to analyze the data. Findings: The results showed that learning-learning has a positive and significant effect on knowledge commercialization, and the knowledge commercialization from learning-learning receives a direct and significant effect with a coefficient of 0. 785. The fit of the proposed model was also suitable. Conclusion: knowledge commercialization is a process of transferring and transforming knowledge generated in research centers into a variety of business activities.